Use of Microsoft trademarks or logos in modified versions of this project must not cause confusion or imply Microsoft sponsorship. Authorized use of Microsoft trademarks or logos is subject to and must follow Microsoft's Trademark & Brand Guidelines. This project may contain trademarks or logos for projects, products, or services. It is up to consumers of the fields and parameters to interpret the metadata and turn them into language-appropriate types such as a string. It will also mark fields and parameters via attributes as null-terminated strings while preserving the original pointer type. The emitter also looks at SAL attributes that ClangSharp outputs for parameters and adds metadata attributes for const, in/out, COM out pointers, etc. However, the CLR will not be able to load it because it's invalid to the CLR. winmd can define an interface, have a struct use it as a field type, and have a function parameter point at the struct. The winmd emitter takes the C#-compilable source created by ClangSharp and emits it into a. This means ClangSharp emits COM objects as structs instead of interfaces, so that a COM object can exist on an unsafe struct. For example, the CLR will not allow managed types such as "interface" or "delegate" to be on an unsafe struct (a struct that gets pointed to or includes pointers). Because its goal is to create C#-compilable code while also preserving pointers, it can't always express things in the way we would like for metadata which is meant to be language-agnostic. Winmd Emitter OverviewĬlangSharp was designed to create C#-compilable code from Win32 headers. Now when ClangSharp encounters tagRECT it will automatically change the name it uses to RECT. Generation/WinSDK/Partitions/Direct3DDxgi/main.cpp: It will only emit types for headers included in its "traverse" list. ClangSharp OverviewĬlangSharp emits C# as it encounters types found in C/C++ headers. winmd is packaged as a NuGet package which can be used to create language projections for other languages such as C#, modern C++, and Rust. Although this is an ECMA-335 binary, it is not directly loadable by the CLR. Once the C# files are written by ClangSharp, the emitter turns these files into a Windows Metadata (.winmd) file. cs file for each partition that it processes. The project is split into partitions that roughly translate into namespaces. It uses libraries from the Windows SDK to figure out what the DLL imports are for each API function. This project uses ClangSharp to scrape Windows SDK headers into C# files. For example, a C# projection could use SafeHandle objects for HANDLE and GDI objects. It is up to language projections to make use of this information in a language-specific way. The definition of these structs include how to dispose of the resources (like CloseHandle or DeleteObject). Express Win32 resources like HANDLE and GDI objects as strongly-typed structs.Keep enum member names consistent with the original constant names to preserve SEO. Convert non-specific types like uint that use constants into explicit enums to improve usability and discoverability.Keep the names of the original APIs, but express in metadata additional information that can make them easier to use.Provide the broadest API coverage possible.zip to browse and extract its content.īelow are some principles that guide the metadata that we produce: If you'd like to browse the metadata to see what we're emitting, extract and from the 32Metadata NuGet package and load in ILSpy. See the roadmap and FAQ for more details. Note: Community projects are listed here to help with discovery but are not officially validated by Microsoft. To call Win32 APIs from the language of your choice based off of this metadata, use the following language projections: This project aims to provide metadata for Win32 APIs such that idiomatic projections and projects like the ones above can be generated for all languages and frameworks in a more automated way and with more complete API coverage. Community projects like (.NET) and (Rust) have taken on the burden of providing strongly-typed and validated API signatures for their frameworks, but the projects are manually maintained, which is hard to sustain and makes it challenging to provide thorough API coverage. Historically, this has required manually redefining the APIs to make them accessible, which is fragile and error-prone. When developing for Windows, developers often call into Win32 APIs to access this functionality. Win32 APIs provide functionality that not all languages and frameworks support themselves.
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